MOLECULAR-GENETIC FEATURES OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Main Article Content
Authors
A.M. Aitkulova
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, al-Farabi ave., Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
E.V. Zholdybayeva
National Center for Biotechnology, 13/5, Korgalzhyn road, Astana,010000, Kazakhstan
C.S. Shashkin
National Neurosurgeon Center, 34/1, Turan ave., Astana,010000, Kazakhstan
D. Amanbayeva
National Neurosurgeon Center, 34/1, Turan ave., Astana,010000, Kazakhstan
Z.G. Aitasheva
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, al-Farabi ave., Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) was first described as a shaking palsy syndrome by James Parkinson in 1817. PD is a chronic progressive disease found in all populations of the world and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The major pathological feature of PD is progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal system, which leads to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The degeneration of the nigrostriatal system and subsequent loss of striatal dopamine contribute to the cardinal clinical motor symptoms of PD: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. The most common symptoms of PD only become apparent when 50–80% of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra have already degenerated. The mechanism underlying the loss of dopaminergic neurons during PD development remains unclear. Currently, there are no simple and reliable diagnostic tests for PD. Current research efforts are increasingly focused on elucidating the molecular basis of the disease. Studies have revealed the relationship between PD and environmental risk factors and genetic predisposition. Despite the identification of genes and loci involved in PD development, the molecular mechanisms that promote disease onset and progression are not fully understood.
Keywords
Parkinson’s disease, dopaminergic neurons, neurodegeneration, genes
Article Details
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